What Is the Average Stock Market Return? 10% Since 1928, but Only 4 of 98 Years Came Close
Picture a hypothetical 30-year-old saver, call her Saver A, filling in a retirement calculator for the first time. The box says "expected annual return." She has heard one number her whole adult life, so she types 10 and watches a small monthly contribution turn into a seven-figure balance. It feels less like a forecast and more like a promise. The number is not wrong. The average stock market return for the S&P 500, dividends included, was 10.02% a year compounded from 1928 through 2025. What the calculator leaves out is how strange that average is: in 98 calendar years, the index finished within two points of 10% exactly four times. The record below shows what the 10% figure really measures, how wide the range around it has been, and where the most recent decade sits in that range. A 1927 stock certificate from Allentown, Pennsylvania, issued one year before the data series in this article begins (illustration only). Unknown author, Wikimedia Commons , public domain ...